Boolean Algebra Laws

Notation

The following defines the notation used for Boolean algebra on this page. This is just one of many notations, none of which is right or wrong.

True
1
False
0
X AND Y
X · Y, also X Y (juxtaposition)
X OR Y
X + Y
X XOR Y
XY
NOT X
X
Precedence
AND (highest), XOR, OR (lowest). Examples:
  • X + Y·Z = X + (Y·Z)
  • XY·Z = X ⊕ (Y·Z)
  • X + YZ = X + (YZ)

Basic laws

Commutativity

AND and OR are commutative:

Constants

AND:

OR:

NOT:

Constant and variable

AND:

OR:

One variable

AND:

OR:

NOT:

De Morgan’s laws

NAND and NOR have alternative definitions:

Associativity

AND and OR are associative:

Distributivity

AND distributes over OR, OR distributes over AND:

XOR function

Definition in terms of AND, OR, and NOT:

Commutativity:

Constants:

Constant and variable:

One variable:

Associativity:

Distributivity – AND distributes over XOR

Redundancy laws

All of these laws will be proved with the basic laws. Counterintuitively, it is sometimes necessary to complicate before simplifying.

Absorption

X + X·Y = X
X + X·Y
= X·1 + X·Y
= X · (1+Y)
= X · 1
= X
X · (X+Y) = X
X · (X+Y) = X
= (X+0) · (X+Y)
= X + (0·Y)
= X + 0
= X

No name

X + X·Y = X + Y
X + X·Y
= (X+X) · (X+Y)
= 1 · (X+Y)
= X + Y
X · (X+Y) = X · Y
X · (X+Y)
= X·X + X·Y
= 0 + X·Y
= X · Y
X·Y + X·Y = X
X·Y + X·Y
= X · (Y+Y)
= X · 1
= X
(X+Y) · (X+Y) = X
(X+Y) · (X+Y)
= X + (Y·Y)
= X + 0
= X

Consensus

X·Y + X·Z + Y·Z = X·Y + X·Z
X·Y + X·Z + Y·Z
= X·Y + X·Z + 1·Y·Z
= X·Y + X·Z + (X+XY·Z
= X·Y + X·Z + X·Y·Z + X·Y·Z
= X·Y + X·Y·Z + X·Z + X·Y·Z
= X·Y·1 + X·Y·Z + X·1·Z + X·Y·Z
= X·Y·(1+Z) + X·Z·(1+Y)
= X·Y·1 + X·Z·1
= X·Y + X·Z
(X+Y) · (X+Z) · (Y+Z) = (X+Y) · (X+Z)
(X+Y) · (X+Z) · (Y+Z)
= (X+Y) · (X+Z) · (0+Y+Z)
= (X+Y) · (X+Z) · (X·X + Y + Z)
= (X+Y) · (X+Z) · (X+Y+Z) · (X+Y+Z)
= (X+Y) · (X+Y+Z) · (X+Z) · (X+Y+Z)
= (X+Y+0) · (X+Y+Z) · (X+0+Z) · (X+Y+Z)
= (X + Y + 0·Z) · (X + Z + 0·Y)
= (X + Y + 0) · (X + Z + 0)
= (X+Y) · (X+Z)

Links

Last modified: 2007-09-25-Tue
Created: 2007-09-22-Sat